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91.
Yassir Turki Suha Saleh Shatha Albaik Yasmeen Barham Dorien van de Vrie Yousef Shahin Majed Hababeh Akihiro Seita 《Lancet》2019
Background
Mental health is a major public health priority, particularly among refugees worldwide. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) started to integrate mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) into its primary health-care services in Jordan in late 2017. This baseline study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers among UNRWA health staff regarding the implementation of the MHPSS programme.Methods
The UNRWA Health Programme conducted a cross-sectional study of a sample of 220 out of the 390 male and female doctors, dentists, nurses, and midwives who work at 16 of the 25 UNRWA health centres in Jordan during November, 2017. Individuals on duty at the health centres on the day of the survey were included. The 16 health centres were selected based on their size and accessibility to surveyors (reflecting proximity to Amman, and the size of population served). Of the selected health centres, seven were large, seven were medium, and two were small according to the UNRWA classification of health centres (based on the number of medical doctors). A validated self-administered questionnaire was used. Ethics approval was granted by the UNRWA Health Programme ethics committee, and informed written consent was obtained from all participants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22).Findings
Of the participants, 73% (161 of 220) believed that their knowledge of MHPSS programmes was insufficient, with no significant difference (p=0·116) between different categories of staff. Furthermore, 88% (194 of 220) said that they needed more training, 67% (147 of 220) reported that the number of mental health cases is increasing, and 50% (110 of 220) that dealing with these cases is difficult. Reflecting on the past 12 months, 31% of staff (69 out of 220) reported meeting between one and ten children, and 45% (100 out of 220) reported meeting between one and ten adults suspected of having mental illnesses. The most suspected condition was depression (84%; 150 of 220), followed by epilepsy (64%; 140 of 220). The main perceived barriers to implementation included the limited availability of MHPSS policies (87%; 192 of 220), MH professionals (86%; 190 of 220), resources (86%; 189 out of 220), and lack of privacy (14%; 31 out of 220).Interpretation
Most health staff had positive attitudes towards MHPSS programme implementation but felt they lacked the required knowledge. There is a need for training and clear technical guidelines. Perceived barriers to MHPSS programme implementation need to be tackled with a structured plan of action.Funding
The UNRWA Health Programme, UNRWA Headquarters, Amman, Jordan. 相似文献92.
目的评价不同手术方式治疗慢性肛裂的效果。
方法通过计算机检索传统肛裂切除术、纵切横缝法、改良纵切横缝术、肛裂切除术+外括约肌切开术、肛裂切除术+内括约肌切开术5种手术治疗慢性肛裂的国内外临床研究,采用Stata13及GeMTC软件对其治愈率和并发症发生率进行传统Meta分析和网状Meta分析。
结果共纳入21项临床研究2 430例患者。网状Meta分析显示肛裂切除术+内括约肌切开术和肛裂切除术+外括约肌切开术的治愈率均高于传统肛裂切除术,OR值分别为2.27(95%CI=1.14~4.36)、3.26(95%CI=1.67~6.75)。在并发症的发生率方面,纵切横缝术、传统肛裂切除术排前两位,肛裂切除术+内括约肌切开术最低。
结论在5种常见的慢性肛裂手术方式中,肛裂切除术+内括约肌切开术的疗效和并发症发生均优于传统肛裂切除术、纵切横缝法、改良纵切横缝术、肛裂切除术+外括约肌切开术。 相似文献
93.
目的探讨全腹腔镜胃癌根治术(TLG)、腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术(LAG)与传统开腹术(TOS)对Ⅱ、Ⅲ期胃癌的近期及远期疗效。
方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年6月陕西中医药大学附属医院行胃癌根治术的患者共136例,根据患者手术方式的不同分为TLG组(45例),LAG组(40例),TOS组(51例)。观察和比较3组患者手术时间、出血量、淋巴结清扫数、术后排气时间、住院时间、术后并发症发生情况,采用Kaplan-Meier法对患者术后5年远期疗效进行生存分析。
结果TLG组患者出血量、排气时间及住院时间低于TOS组及LAG组,LAG组患者手术时间高于TLG组及TOS组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义。共129例获得随访,其中TLG组失访2例,LAG组2例,TOS组3例。TLG、LAG、TOS组平均无瘤生存时间为(53.4±2.1)个月(95%CI=50.45~58.22个月)、(54.3±2.0)个月(95%CI= 47.99~56.18个月)、(52.3±2.1)个月(95%CI=50.98~55.65个月),3组患者无瘤生存时间比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.519,P=0.772)。
结论TLG术能够在保证患者术后疗效的同时,降低患者术中出血量、排气时间及术后住院时间,TLG术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期胃癌安全可行,疗效显著,值得推广。 相似文献
94.
Research campaigns in the UK National Health Service: patient recruitment and questions of valuation
Matthias Wienroth Caroline Pearce Christopher McKevitt 《Sociology of health & illness》2019,41(7):1444-1461
The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) aims to improve national ‘health and wealth' by providing infrastructural support to enable clinical research in National Health Service settings in England and Wales. Cognisant of the consequences of studies' failure to achieve required numbers of participants, it also actively campaigns to promote patient awareness of research, and willingness to participate in trials. In this paper, we analyse recent NIHR campaigns and policies designed to encourage patients to participate in clinical research to interrogate how they are implicated in the national bioeconomy. In doing so we expand the notion of ‘clinical labour' to include the work of patient recruitment and highlight an emergent obligation on patients to contribute to research processes. Whereas once patient knowledge and experience may have been devalued, here we draw on the concept of ‘assetisation' (Birch 2012) to explore the emergent relationship between healthcare system and patient as research participant. We consider how patients' contribution goes beyond the provision of standardised objects of valuation so that patients themselves may be perceived as assets to, not only recipients of, the national healthcare system. 相似文献
95.
96.
Catherine F. Eubanks Jessica Lubitz J. Christopher Muran Jeremy D. Safran 《Psychotherapy research》2019,29(3):306-319
Objective: Our aim was to examine the reliability and validity of the Rupture Resolution Rating System (3RS), an observer-based measure of alliance ruptures and resolution processes. Method: We used the 3RS to rate early sessions from 42 cases of cognitive behavior therapy. We compared the 3RS to a simplified version of the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB), as well as patient and therapist self-reports of ruptures and the alliance. Results: Coders achieved high rates of interrater reliability on the frequency of confrontation and withdrawal ruptures and resolution strategies (ICCs?=?.85 to .98), as well as ratings of the therapist’s contribution to ruptures and the extent to which ruptures were resolved (ICC?=?.92). Predictive validity analyses found that confrontation markers (d?=?.74), successful resolution (d?=?.67), and ratings of the therapist’s contribution to ruptures (d?=?.61) predicted dropout from therapy. Analyses of convergent validity with the SASB failed to meet predictions; however, we observed theoretically coherent relations between 3RS and SASB variables. Confrontation rupture markers were significantly associated with patient self-report of rupture (d?=?1.54) and therapist self-reported alliance (r?=??.50, p?=?.002). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the 3RS is a reliable and useful tool for examining psychotherapy process and predicting dropout.
Clinical or methodological significance of this article: This study provides evidence of the reliability and validity of the 3RS, an observer-based measure of alliance ruptures and resolution processes. The 3RS can be used to identify problems in the therapeutic relationship that are associated with premature dropout from therapy. 相似文献
97.
98.
Jeffrey I. Campbell Angella Musiimenta Bridget Burns Sylvia Natukunda Nicholas Musinguzi Jessica E. Haberer 《AIDS care》2019,31(6):761-766
Novel monitoring technologies in HIV research, such as electronic adherence monitors (EAMs), have changed the nature of researcher-participant interactions. Yet little is known about how EAMs and the resulting interaction between researchers and participants affect research participation and the data gathered. We interviewed participants and research assistants (RAs) in an observational cohort study involving EAMs for HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda. We qualitatively explored interviewees’ views about ethical issues surrounding EAMs and assessed data with conventional and directed content analysis. Participants valued their relationships with RAs and were preoccupied with RAs’ perceptions of them. Participants were pleased when the EAM revealed regular adherence, and annoyed when it revealed non-adherence that contradicted self-reported pill-taking behavior. For many, the desire to maintain a good impression incentivized adherence. But some sought to creatively conceal non-adherence, or refused to use the EAM to avoid revealing non-adherence to RAs. These findings show that participants’ perceptions of the study staff's perceptions of them affected the experience of being monitored, study participation, and ultimately the data gathered in the study. Investigators in monitoring-based research should be aware that social interactions between participants and study staff could affect both the practical and ethical conduct of that research. 相似文献
99.
目的 了解江苏地区精神专科医院临床女护士主观幸福感的现状及影响因素,为提高精神专科医院的管理水平提供参考依据。方法 采用中文版的“总体幸福感量表”和自制的“一般情况调查表”对江苏省不同地区的6所精神专科医院1260名女护士进行调查。 结果 被调查对象主观幸福感前18项总分为(67.89±14.09)分,处于中等幸福感49~72分之间,但显著低于全国女性常模(71.00±18.00)分,两者比较,t =-2.768,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);经回归分析,其主要影响因素有对职业伤害的担心程度、家庭的支持程度、收入状况、医院支持系统的满意度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论 江苏地区的精神科女护士主观幸福感总体处于中等水平但显著低于全国女性常模,提高其主观幸福感可以从减少精神科护士的职业伤害、关注家庭方面影响、建立合理的薪酬体系和高效的医院支持系统4个方面努力。 相似文献
100.
Govindaraj Saravanan Theivendren Panneerselvam Selvaraj Kunjiappan Pavadai Parasuraman Veerachamy Alagarsamy Padmaja Udayakumar Muthukrishnan Soundararajan Shrinivas D. Joshi Suresh Ramalingam Damodar Nayak Ammunje 《Drug development research》2019,80(3):368-385
Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery |